PSG has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.